Augustine of Hippo → Aurelius
Tradução moderna em inglês
Some time ago I sent questions to your Holiness: the first concerning reason and God, I believe through Iobinus who serves the handmaids of God; the second concerning the body of the Savior, from which it is supposed that one might see the substance of God. I now raise a third: the rational soul that the Savior assumed along with his body — does it belong to one of those theories that are proposed when the origin of the soul is investigated, if any of them can be supported by truth? Or, although it is rational, is it not drawn from those categories that are discussed regarding the soul of living creatures, but is held to be of another kind? Fourth, I ask: who are those spirits about whom Peter gives testimony concerning the Lord in his epistle, saying, "Put to death in the flesh, made alive in the spirit, in which he also went and preached to the spirits in prison," and so forth — inserting this, that they were in the underworld, and that Christ, descending, preached the gospel to all, and freed all from darkness and punishments by grace, so that from the time of the Lord's resurrection, judgment is awaited now that the underworld has been emptied. What, then, your Holiness thinks on this matter, I desire to know.
Texto latino / grego
EPISTOLA 163 Scripta a. 414 aut 415. Evodius Augustino proponit aliquot quaestiones, scl. de anima Christi ac de eius praedicatione spiritibus apud inferos commorantibus. EVODIUS EPISCOPUS, AUGUSTINO EPISCOPO. 1. Pridem quaestiones misi ad Sanctitatem tuam: unam de ratione et Deo, puto per Iobinum qui servit ancillis Dei; alteram de corpore Salvatoris, de quo aestimatur quod substantiam Dei videat. Tertiam dico nunc: anima rationalis quam Salvator cum corpore assumpsit, utrum in una de opinionibus est illis quae proponuntur cum de animae origine quaeritur, si qua ibi potest veritate fulciri; an quamquam rationalis sit, non tamen ex iis speciebus quae de animalium anima dicuntur, sed in alia habetur. Quartam interrogo: qui sunt illi spiritus, de quibus in Epistola sua ponit Petrus testimonium de Domino, dicens: Mortificatus carne, vivificatus spiritu: in quo et eis qui in carcere erant spiritibus veniens praedicavit 1, et caetera; hoc inserens quod in inferno fuerunt, et descendens Christus omnibus evangelizavit, omnesque a tenebris et poenis per gratiam liberavit, ut a tempore resurrectionis Domini, iudicium exspectetur exinanitis inferis. Quid ergo in hac re Sanctitati tuae videatur, cupio nosse.
Texto inglês de origem
Letter 163 (A.D. 414) To Bishop Augustine, Bishop Evodius Sends Greeting. Some time ago I sent two questions to your Holiness; the first, which was sent, I think, by Jobinus, a servant in the nunnery, related to God and reason, and the second was in regard to the opinion that the body of the Saviour is capable of seeing the substance of the Deity. I now propound a third question: Does the rational soul which our Saviour assumed along with His body fall under any one of the theories commonly advanced in discussions on the origin of souls (if any theory indeed can be with certainty established on the subject) — or does His soul, though rational, belong not to any of the species under which the souls of living creatures are classified, but to another? I ask also a fourth question: Who are those spirits in reference to whom the Apostle Peter testifies concerning the Lord in these words: Being put to death in the flesh, but quickened in the spirit, in which also He went and preached to the spirits in prison? giving us to understand that they were in hell, and that Christ descending into hell, preached the gospel to them all, and by grace delivered them all from darkness and punishment, so that from the time of the resurrection of the Lord judgment is expected, hell having then been completely emptied. What your Holiness believes in this matter I earnestly desire to know.